As you watch the battle unfold across these historical maps, note that wind direction is included on each map. These much more maneuverable English ships became an essential element of the confrontation. they didn’t need the wind at their back to proceed forward). The English had recently developed smaller ships that could sail closer to the wind (i.e. The massive galleons of the Spanish Armada were virtual floating fortresses, but these square-rigged vessels could only sail with the wind at their back. In 1588, Spain was at the zenith of her power, closely allied with the Roman Catholic Church, and home to a powerful Armada or naval “fleet” considered invincible. Cartographer Robert Adams created these maps for a 1590 book chronicling the famed naval campaign. ![]() The series of battles that unfolds with these seven maps is considered one of the most important campaigns in naval history a campaign that ended with the defeat of the powerful Spanish Armada in 1588.
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